DoubleBuffering im AWT - Flackern verhindern

Hast du schonmal eine Anwendung (bzw. Applet) mit einer Animation entwickelt? Damit nichts flackert und die Animation glatt abläuft, benötigen wir Doppelpufferung. Swing hat von Haus aus schon Doppelpufferung eingebaut. Falls wir aus irgendeinem Grund auf AWT zurückgreifen wollen, müssen wir die Doppelpufferung selbst programmieren. Hier ist ein kleines Beispiel (nach Zizilamoroso). Es enthält die Klasse "PanelDoubleBuffered", welche die Doppelpufferung besorgt und die wir einfach nur erweitern müssen, wann immer wir Doppelpufferung in AWT benötigen:

/*
 * AwtDoubleBuffered.java
 */

import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.logging.*;

public class AwtDoubleBuffered extends Applet implements Runnable {

    private AnimatedPanel animatedPanel;
    private boolean running;

    /** Initializes the applet AwtDoubleBuffered */
    @Override
    public void init() {
        try {
            EventQueue.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {

                public void run() {
                    setLayout(new BorderLayout());
                    animatedPanel = new AnimatedPanel();
                    add(animatedPanel);
                }
            });
        } catch (final InterruptedException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(getClass().getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        } catch (final InvocationTargetException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(getClass().getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void start() {
        new Thread(this).start();
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {
        setRunning(false);
    }

    public void run() {
        setRunning(true);
        while (isRunning()) {
            animatedPanel.animateToTheRight();
            waitMilliseconds(50);
        }
    }

    private void waitMilliseconds(final int millis) {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(millis);
        } catch (final InterruptedException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(getClass().getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }
    }

    public boolean isRunning() {
        return running;
    }

    public void setRunning(final boolean running) {
        this.running = running;
    }
}

class PanelDoubleBuffered extends Panel {

    private int panelWidth;
    private int panelHeight;
    private Image offscreenImage;
    private Graphics offscreenGraphics;

    public PanelDoubleBuffered() {
        super();
    }

    @Override
    public void update(final Graphics g) {
        paint(g);
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(final Graphics g) {
        super.paint(g);
        // checks the buffersize with the current panelsize
        // or initialises the image with the first paint
        if (panelWidth != getSize().width
                || panelHeight != getSize().height
                || offscreenImage == null || offscreenGraphics == null) {
            resetBuffer();
        }
        if (offscreenGraphics != null) {
            //this clears the offscreen image, not the onscreen one
            offscreenGraphics.clearRect(0, 0, panelWidth, panelHeight);
            //calls the paintbuffer method with
            //the offscreen graphics as a param
            paintBuffer(offscreenGraphics);
            //we finaly paint the offscreen image onto the onscreen image
            g.drawImage(offscreenImage, 0, 0, this);
        }
    }

    private void resetBuffer() {
        // always keep track of the image size
        panelWidth = getSize().width;
        panelHeight = getSize().height;
        // clean up the previous image
        if (offscreenGraphics != null) {
            offscreenGraphics.dispose();
        }
        if (offscreenImage != null) {
            offscreenImage.flush();
        }
        // create the new image with the size of the panel
        offscreenImage = createImage(panelWidth, panelHeight);
        offscreenGraphics = offscreenImage.getGraphics();
    }

    public void paintBuffer(final Graphics g) {
        // in classes extended from this one, add something to paint here!
        // always remember, g is the offscreen graphics
    }
}

class AnimatedPanel extends PanelDoubleBuffered {

    private int posX;

    public AnimatedPanel() {
        super();
        posX = 0;
        setBackground(Color.BLACK);
    }

    public void animateToTheRight() {
        // this method can be called from everywhere, anytime (thread safe)
        boolean dispatchThread = EventQueue.isDispatchThread();
        if (dispatchThread) {
            int w = getWidth();
            posX++;
            if (posX > w) {
                posX = 0;
            }
            repaint();
        } else {
            EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {

                public void run() {
                    animateToTheRight();
                }
            });
        }
    }

    // ATTENTION: we don't touch update() and paint() anymore!
    // we use paintbuffer() instead:
    @Override
    public void paintBuffer(final Graphics g) {
        // g is the offscreen graphics
        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        g.drawString("doublebuffered", posX, 20);
    }
}